Bronchiectasis is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of the airways of the
lung.
Common symptoms are cough with excessive sputum, blood in cough, foul smelling breath,
frequent
chest infections and breathlessness. Causes can be both since birth and acquired. Surgical
removal of the diseased lung is advised in patients not responding to medical treatment.
An aspergilloma, is also known as a mycetoma or fungus ball, occurs in patients with
pre-existing cavitatory lung diseases such as tuberculosis. It may be asymptomatic, cause
cough,
blood in cough or life threatening bleeding. Surgical removal of diseased lung in
symptomatic
patients may provide cure.
Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation caused by tapeworm Echinococcus. It can also
occur in
lungs along with other parts of the body. Common symptoms are chest pain, cough,
breathlessness
and blood in cough. Treatment of choice is surgical removal of the disease.
Bullae. Lung bulla is a thin air sack filled with air and are very fragile to burst. These
can
burst and the entire lung may collapse resulting from pneumothorax. Surgery is usually
needed in
patients with: large bullae causing breathlessness, increasing size of bulla, recurrent
pneumothorax, infected bullae not responding to medical treatment, acute respiratory
failure,
and acute distension of the bulla. Vats/uniportal vats is offered to these patients with
excellent outcomes.
Emphysema is a disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath due to
over-inflation of the alveoli (air sacs in the lung). Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS)
is a
surgical procedure to remove diseased, emphysematous lung tissue. LVRS improves exercise
capacity, lung function and quality of life. Minimal access offered to these patients with
excellent outcomes
Nodules can occur in lungs due to various causes ranging from infection to cancer and
metastasis. evaluation and surgical resection by minimal access means
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in India and globally. People who
smoke have the greatest risk of lung cancer, though lung cancer can also occur in people who
have never smoked. The most common symptoms are coughing (including coughing up blood),
weight
loss, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Minimally invasive techniques are adopted to do
these
surgeries
Empyema is a collection of pus in between the lung and the inner surface of the chest wall
(pleural space). Common causes for empyema are tuberculosis, pneumonia, ,trauma ,
complication from lung surgery, or inoculation of the pleural cavity after needle aspiration
or chest tube placement. Sometimes a peel forms over the lung surface and inner lining of
chest which restricts the expansion of lung along with poor penetration of antibiotics. VATS
decortication is required to remove all the pus from the chest cavity and the peel is
completely removed to allow the lung to expand
Hemothorax is when blood collects between the chest wall and the lungs. Most common cause of
hemothorax is chest injury. Hemothorax is commonly treated by inserting a tube in chest
cavity. Sometimes the blood gets clotted or loculated or may get infected to form an
empyema. These patients often need surgical drainage. Minimally invasive techniques are
adopted for drainage and decortication.
Results from leakage of lymphatic fluid from thoracic duct. Thoracoscopic ligation of the
thoracic duct provides a safe and effective treatment of chylothorax and may avoid
thoracotomy and its associated morbidity. Pleurodesis can be undertaken during thoracoscopy
in cases of recurrent effusions due to malignancy or other chronic diseasedirect inspection
to prevent recurrence of pleural effusion.
The term ‘diaphragmatic eventration’ is used in common practice to describe a condition of
relaxation
of the diaphragmatic dome.It may present at birth or in a later stage of life as an acquired
condition
‘acquired diaphragmatic paralysis’ or ‘acquired diaphragmatic elevation. Diaphragmatic
hernia is an acquired
condition when the abdominal contents breach to to reach hemithorax . these are caused by
blunt abdominal
trauma. Correction of defect by minimal invasive technique. The patients may experience
respiratory symptoms
such as breathlessness, cough or chest pain particularly on exertion. The goal of surgical
correction is
relieve compression on the lung parenchyma and allows its re-expansion Minimal access
approach to these patients
brings excellent outcomes.
Mediastinum is an area found in the midline of the chest that is surrounded by the
breastbone in front, the spine in back, and the lungs on each side. It contains the heart,
thymus gland, portions of the esophagus and trachea, and other structures. Mediastinal
masses Mediastinal masses are caused by a variety of cysts and tumors. Likely causes differ
by patient age and by location of the mass (anterior, middle, or posterior mediastinum).
Mediastinal tumors (both benign and malignant) that are left untreated can cause serious
complications including invading the heart, pericardium (the lining around the heart), and
great vessels (the aorta and vena cava). Tumors located in the posterior (back) mediastinum
can cause compression of the spinal cord.
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder, characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of
any of the muscles under voluntary control.Around 10-15 percent of people with myasthenia
gravis have thymoma. Another 60%, however, will have other abnormalities of the gland
including thymic hyperplasia (an enlarged gland).Thymectomy has been a mainstay in the
surgical treatment of myasthenia gravis and helps over 85% of myasthenia gravis patients.
Thymoma is a tumor of thymus gland. Patients with thymoma may have other autoimmune disease
(like myasthenia, pure red cell aplasia). Most of the patients don’t have any symptoms and
the tumor is detected incidentally. Complete surgical removal helps long term cure to these
patients. We offer key-hole surgery to these patients with excellent outcomes
The pericardium is a thin sac that surrounds the heart. It protects the heart and provides
the lubrication for the heart.
A pericardial window is done to drain the excessive fluid around the heart. It can also help
diagnose the source of the extra fluid. Conditions that might need a pericardial window
include metastatic cancer,tuberculosis , renal failure Immune system disease with uremia.
Tumors can block the airway and cause breathing problems. Most of the tumors that form in
the trachea and bronchi in adults are cancerous, but a few are noncancerous .Treatment may
include surgery, bronchoscopic treatments or radiation therapy, either alone or in
combination. In patients who are not candidates for complete surgical removal of the tumor,
these therapies may be used to help restore breathing and slow tumor progression. Other
airway pathologies are tracheal stenosis, tracheobronchomalacia and tracheoesophageal
fistula which require surgical management.
The esophagus or foodpipe is a muscular tube that moves food and liquid from the throat to
the stomach.
Esophageal diverticula are small pouches that form in the esophagus.. Symptoms are
difficulty swallowing, heartburn, regurgitation of food, hoarseness, repeated pneumonia,
repeated episodes of inhaling food into airway or lungs, bad breath. Minimal invasive
techniques are best suited for surgical excision.
These are non cancerous tumors on the wall of the esophagus. These often go undetected until
they grow large enough to make swallowing difficult. surgical excision of these tumors by
minimal access techniques.
May cause symptoms like difficulty in swallowing and problems with breathing. surgical
excision of these tumors by minimal invasive methods.
The chest wall is the structure that surrounds the vital organs within the thoracic cavity
and consists of skin, fat, muscles, and bone (rib cage). It furthermore supports breathing
and stabilizes the shoulder girdle and upper arms during movement. Anatomical landmarks that
play an important role in clinical examination and thoracic surgery include the midsternal
line, the midclavicular line, and the midaxillary line. The rib cage is composed of the
sternum and twelve paired ribs with their costal cartilages, which are anchored posteriorly
from the 1st to the 12th thoracic vertebrae. Muscles that comprise the chest wall include
the external, the internal and innermost intercostal muscles, the subcostal muscles, and the
transverse thoracic muscles, all of which are innervated by the intercostal nerves.
Rib fixation, often done through surgery, involves stabilizing fractured ribs using plates,
screws, or wires. This procedure helps reduce pain, improve lung function, and support the
healing process after chest trauma.
Chest wall tumors may be malignant (cancerous) or benign (non-cancerous), and may originate
there or have spread from elsewhere. Treatment can vary based on factors such as the type of
tumor and the stage of its progression. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for
most early stage chest wall tumors.
Chest wall infection may occur in soft tissue, cartilage and bone. Treatment depends on type
location and magnitude of infection. Treatment may range from use of antibiotics to surgical
resection of devitalized tissue and subsequent coverage with well vascularized soft tissue.
Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is used mainly as a treatment for excessive sweating
(hyperhidrosis) but can also be used to help treat extreme facial flushing.
Axillary and Palmar hyperhidrosis. Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by abnormally
increased sweating in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature. Besides
disrupting normal daily activities, this type of heavy sweating can cause social anxiety and
embarrassment. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is of the chest which is offered to
patients who have hyperhidrosis of underarms and hands or facial blushing. Surgery may be
considered as a last resort of treatment.
Thoracoscopy is recommended to establish a diagnosis in patients with undiagnosed pleural effusions. It allows direct visual assessment of the pleura and subsequent biopsy of visually abnormal areas, hence maximising diagnostic yield. Mediastinum is an area found in the midline of the chest that is surrounded by the breastbone in front, the spine in back, and the lungs on each side. It contains the heart, thymus gland, portions of the esophagus and trachea, and other structures. Mediastinal masses Mediastinal masses are caused by a variety of cysts and tumors. Likely causes differ by patient age and by location of the mass (anterior, middle, or posterior mediastinum).
